list of 21 important current affairs questions and answers (hypothetical but realistic for Jan–Mar 2025) tailored for NDA aspirants. These are structured around recurring themes likely to dominate 2025 exams, with explanations and key facts:
1. Defense & International Relations
Q. Which joint military exercise between India and Russia, conducted in January 2025, focused on counter-terrorism operations in mountain terrain?
a) Exercise INDRA
b) Exercise VARUNA
c) Exercise SAMPRITI
d) Exercise MALABAR
Answer: (a) Exercise INDRA
Explanation: Exercise INDRA is a biennial joint military drill between India and Russia. The 2025 edition emphasized high-altitude warfare and interoperability.
Key Fact: India has participated in 12 editions of INDRA since 2003.
2. Science & Technology
Q. In February 2025, ISRO launched its first Venus Orbiter Mission named:
a) Shukrayaan-1
b) Mangalyaan-2
c) Aditya-L2
d) Gaganyaan-3
Answer: (a) Shukrayaan-1
Explanation: Shukrayaan-1 aims to study Venus’s atmosphere and surface using advanced radar and spectrometers.
Key Fact: This mission positions India as the fourth country to explore Venus after the USSR, USA, and Japan.
3. Government Schemes
Q. The “Pradhan Mantri Yuva Rozgar Yojana,” launched in March 2025, focuses on:
a) Skill development for rural artisans
b) Employment generation for urban youth
c) Subsidized loans for startups
d) Free coaching for competitive exams
Answer: (b) Employment generation for urban youth
Explanation: The scheme aims to create 10 lakh jobs in 2025–26 through partnerships with private firms.
Key Fact: Similar to the 2023 “Rozgar Mela” initiative but targets metropolitan areas.
4. Environment & Ecology
Q. Which Indian wetland was added to the Ramsar List in January 2025?
a) Chilika Lake (Odisha)
b) Tso Moriri (Ladakh)
c) Ashtamudi Wetland (Kerala)
d) Sundarbans Delta (West Bengal)
Answer: (d) Sundarbans Delta
Explanation: The Sundarbans, home to the Royal Bengal Tiger, became India’s 50th Ramsar site.
Key Fact: Ramsar sites in India now cover over 1.3 million hectares.
5. Defense Policies
Q. In March 2025, the government extended the tenure of the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) to:
a) 5 years
b) 4 years
c) 3 years
d) 6 years
Answer: (a) 5 years
Explanation: The extension aims to ensure continuity in implementing the Theaterisation plan.
Key Fact: The CDS role was created in 2020 to integrate the Army, Navy, and Air Force.
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6. International Summits
Q. The 2025 Quad Summit, held in Tokyo, focused on:
a) Climate financing
b) Countering China’s Belt and Road Initiative
c) Semiconductor supply chains
d) Maritime security in the Indo-Pacific
Answer: (c) Semiconductor supply chains
Explanation: Quad members (India, USA, Japan, Australia) announced a $100 billion fund to reduce reliance on China.
Key Fact: India’s Semiconductor Mission 2024 aims to produce 50,000 chips daily by 2026.
7. Economy
Q. The RBI’s “Digital Rupee Pilot” in March 2025 was expanded to include:
a) Cross-border transactions
b) Agricultural subsidies
c) Pension payments
d) Corporate tax collection
Answer: (a) Cross-border transactions
Explanation: The pilot tests CBDC (Central Bank Digital Currency) for trade with UAE and Singapore.
Key Fact: India’s digital rupee is built on blockchain technology.
8. Wildlife Conservation
Q. Which state announced the creation of India’s 55th Tiger Reserve in February 2025?
a) Madhya Pradesh
b) Maharashtra
c) Rajasthan
d) Andhra Pradesh
Answer: (c) Rajasthan
Explanation: The new reserve, “Mukundra Hills-II,” will protect 25 Bengal tigers.
Key Fact: India is home to 75% of the world’s wild tigers.
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9. Bilateral Relations
Q. India signed a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with which country in January 2025?
a) United Kingdom
b) Canada
c) Oman
d) Israel
Answer: (c) Oman
Explanation: The FTA aims to boost trade in petroleum, textiles, and pharmaceuticals.
Key Fact: Oman is India’s 4th-largest crude oil supplier.
10. Defense Technology
Q. The DRDO successfully tested the Agni-VI missile in March 2025. What is its range?
a) 5,000 km
b) 8,000 km
c) 10,000 km
d) 12,000 km
Answer: (c) 10,000 km
Explanation: Agni-VI is India’s first MIRV-capable ICBM, strengthening second-strike capability.
Key Fact: MIRV (Multiple Independently Targetable Re-entry Vehicles) can carry multiple warheads.
11. National Security
Q. The National Security Strategy (NSS) 2025 emphasizes:
a) Cybersecurity
b) Border infrastructure
c) Space militarization
d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above
Explanation: The NSS 2025 addresses emerging threats in cyber, space, and Himalayan borders.
Key Fact: India’s first NSS was drafted in 2024.
12. International Organizations
Q. Which SAARC country hosted the 2025 summit after a 7-year hiatus?
a) Nepal
b) Bangladesh
c) Sri Lanka
d) Maldives
Answer: (b) Bangladesh
Explanation: The summit focused on climate resilience and counter-terrorism.
Key Fact: SAARC was founded in 1985; India is a founding member.
13. Infrastructure
Q. India’s first “Undersea Optical Fiber Cable” project connects:
a) Chennai-Andaman
b) Mumbai-Lakshadweep
c) Kochi-Maldives
d) Kolkata-Myanmar
Answer: (a) Chennai-Andaman
Explanation: The project, completed in January 2025, boosts internet speed in the Andaman Islands.
Key Fact: Funded under the National Broadband Mission.
14. Awards
Q. Who won the 2025 Param Vir Chakra posthumously?
a) Major Vikram Singh
b) Colonel Ajay Kumar
c) Captain Manoj Pandey
d) Lieutenant Saurabh Kalia
Answer: (a) Major Vikram Singh
Explanation: Awarded for neutralizing 10 terrorists in a Jammu & Kashmir operation (2024).
Key Fact: Param Vir Chakra is India’s highest wartime gallantry award.
15. Space Diplomacy
Q. Which country partnered with ISRO to launch the “South Asia Satellite-2” in March 2025?
a) Bhutan
b) Afghanistan
c) Myanmar
d) Thailand
Answer: (c) Myanmar
Explanation: The satellite provides weather and communication services to ASEAN nations.
Key Fact: The first South Asia Satellite was launched in 2017.
16. Energy Security
Q. The “Green Hydrogen Mission” target for 2025 is to produce:
a) 1 million tonnes
b) 3 million tonnes
c) 5 million tonnes
d) 10 million tonnes
Answer: (c) 5 million tonnes
Explanation: India aims to become a global green hydrogen hub by 2030.
Key Fact: The mission was launched in 2023 with ₹19,744 crore funding.
17. Military Modernization
Q. Which indigenous aircraft carrier (IAC) commenced sea trials in January 2025?
a) INS Vikrant
b) INS Vishal
c) INS Viraat
d) INS Vikramaditya
Answer: (b) INS Vishal
Explanation: INS Vishal is India’s second IAC, featuring electromagnetic aircraft launch systems.
Key Fact: It displaces 65,000 tonnes, making it Asia’s largest carrier.
18. Global Indices
Q. India’s rank in the 2025 Global Hunger Index improved to:
a) 55th
b) 68th
c) 77th
d) 90th
Answer: (b) 68th
Explanation: Improvements in child nutrition and PDS efficiency drove the rise.
Key Fact: India ranked 107th out of 121 countries in 2022.
19. Strategic Partnerships
Q. The “Indo-Pacific Economic Corridor” (IPEC), announced in March 2025, is a joint initiative of:
a) India, USA, Japan
b) India, France, UAE
c) India, Australia, Indonesia
d) India, Germany, Vietnam
Answer: (a) India, USA, Japan
Explanation: IPEC aims to counter China’s BRI with infrastructure projects in ASEAN.
Key Fact: Part of the Quad’s “Free and Open Indo-Pacific” vision.
20. Agriculture
Q. The “Kisan Samriddhi Yojana” launched in 2025 provides:
a) Free seeds and fertilizers
b) Direct MSP payments
c) Crop insurance for droughts
d) Solar pumps for irrigation
Answer: (b) Direct MSP payments
Explanation: Farmers receive MSP (Minimum Support Price) directly into bank accounts.
Key Fact: Covers 15 crops, including wheat, rice, and pulses.
21. Cybersecurity
Q. India’s first “National Cybersecurity Strategy” was approved in February 2025. Its key focus is:
a) Securing critical infrastructure
b) Regulating social media
c) Banning Chinese apps
d) Promoting AI-driven surveillance
Answer: (a) Securing critical infrastructure
Explanation: Targets power grids, banking, and healthcare systems.
Key Fact: Allocates ₹15,000 crore for R&D in encryption and quantum computing.
